{"id":2387,"date":"2025-09-30T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T02:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/idc.metaserv.vn\/?p=2387"},"modified":"2025-09-26T11:17:00","modified_gmt":"2025-09-26T04:17:00","slug":"cach-tinh-vcpu-so-voi-cpu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idc.metaserv.vn\/en\/2025\/09\/30\/cach-tinh-vcpu-so-voi-cpu\/","title":{"rendered":"vCPU l\u00e0 G\u00ec v\u00e0 C\u00e1ch T\u00ednh S\u1ed1 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed9 X\u1eed L\u00fd \u1ea2o So V\u1edbi B\u1ed9 X\u1eed L\u00fd Trung T\u00e2m (CPU)"},"content":{"rendered":"

vCPU<\/strong> (Virtual Central Processing Unit) hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1ea3o, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0ng g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc mua m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ea3o Cloud Server<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Bare Metal<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a vCPU l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa vCPU v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/strong> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb Core<\/strong> sang vCPU \u2013 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 1 Core b\u1eb1ng 1 vCPU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. B\u1ed9 X\u1eed L\u00fd \u1ea2o (vCPU) l\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

vCPU<\/strong> l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Virtual Central Processing Unit<\/em> (\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb X\u1eed l\u00fd Trung t\u00e2m \u1ea2o).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1ea3o<\/strong> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/strong> b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho m\u1ed9t M\u00e1y \u1ea3o (VM)<\/strong> c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. C\u00e1c Thu\u1eadt Ng\u1eef Li\u00ean Quan \u0110\u1ebfn B\u1ed9 X\u1eed L\u00fd v\u00e0 M\u00e1y \u1ea2o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch vCPU ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m sau: Hypervisor<\/strong>, Socket<\/strong>, Thread<\/strong>, Physical Core<\/strong> v\u00e0 Logical Core<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hypervisor (B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t M\u00e1y \u1ea3o)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Hypervisor<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (VMM – Virtual Machine Monitor). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c M\u00e1y \u1ea3o (VM). N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadt l\u00fd duy nh\u1ea5t chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean (nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/strong> v\u00e0 RAM) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec1u VM c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vCPU hay nhi\u1ec1u vCPU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Socket (\u0110\u1ebf C\u1eafm)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Socket<\/strong> l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf c\u1eafm tr\u00ean bo m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7, n\u01a1i b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1eed l\u00fd. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Socket \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a bo m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thread (Lu\u1ed3ng X\u1eed L\u00fd)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Thread<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c thi b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh (Process). C\u00e1c Thread trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t Process ch\u1ea1y trong kh\u00f4ng gian b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb chia s\u1ebb, gi\u00fap th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111a nhi\u1ec7m (parallelism) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Core V\u1eadt L\u00fd (Physical Core)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Core v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/strong> l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u00ean trong b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd trung t\u00e2m<\/strong>. M\u1ed9t Core v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u Core logic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Core Logic (Logical Core)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Core logic<\/strong> l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t Core v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. Core logic xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Hyper-Threading (HTT)<\/strong> c\u1ee7a Intel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hyper-Threading<\/strong> gi\u00fap b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean hai t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Core v\u1eadt l\u00fd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1ng khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ec7nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd song song.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3. vCPU Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ea3o v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi Hypervisor<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hypervisor s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/strong> v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 n\u00f3 cho c\u00e1c vCPU<\/strong>, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1ea3o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho m\u1ed9t VM c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u vCPU<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “ph\u1ea7n chia s\u1ebb th\u1eddi gian” s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Core x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/strong>. C\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Hypervisor \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng vCPU kh\u00e1c nhau cho t\u1eebng VM t\u00f9y theo nhu c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. C\u00e1ch T\u00ednh S\u1ed1 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng vCPU C\u1ea7n Thi\u1ebft<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1ea3o<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh vCPU ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t (d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a) l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ed1\u00a0l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0vCPU\u00a0t\u1ed1i\u00a0\u0111a = (S\u1ed1\u00a0l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0Thread \u00d7 s\u1ed1\u00a0l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0Core) \u00d7 S\u1ed1\u00a0l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0B\u1ed9\u00a0X\u1eed\u00a0L\u00fd\u00a0V\u1eadt\u00a0L\u00fd\u200b\u00a0(Socket)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/strong> l\u00e0 Intel Xeon E-2288G<\/strong> v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n